US company H2-Industries and Technolog Services, a German naval architecture company, have joined forces to develop 3D designs for an innovative concept ship that will collect plastic waste from the sea and convert it into clean hydrogen, allowing surplus hydrogen to be shipped back to shore.
Plastic pollution in oceans and other bodies of water continues to grow sharply and could more than double by 2030, according to an assessment by the UN Environment Programme (UNEP). Plastic debris is currently the most abundant type of litter in the ocean, said to make up 80% of all marine debris. According to the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) at least 14m tons of plastic end up in the ocean every year. Plastic is found on the shorelines of every continent, with especially high levels of plastic waste found near popular tourist destinations and densely populated areas.
The ship is being designed to be more than 150m in length, the exact size to be clarified at the design stage, depending on optimal storage capacity. The plan is for the ship to travel at four knots with the waste plastic collected by two smaller vessels towing a two-mile net that funnels the waste from the surface and up to 10m below it. The most novel feature of the vessel will be the open bow design that allows the collected plastic waste to be fed onto conveyors and into the storage hold.
This waste will be converted into hydrogen by the same thermolysis process that the H2-Industries’ on-shore plants will be using on shore. For every 600kg of waste collected, approximately 100kg of hydrogen can be produced and, then stored in liquid organic hydrogen carrier (LHOC) fluid in 20ft containers. These containers will be transferred to smaller vessels by onboard cranes for delivery to shore. Because of the benefit of removing harmful plastic waste from the ocean, hydrogen produced in this manner can be classified as “beyond green,” or “greener than green”.
LOHC carrier fluids bind hydrogen chemically and, within H2-Industries’ process, the stored hydrogen is neither volatile nor capable of self-discharging. The LOHC can be hydrogen-charged and discharged only in combination with a catalyst, infusing and releasing hydrogen, as often as needed making it cost-effective. H2-Industries storage solutions work by charging (hydrogenation) and discharging (dehydrogenation) the LOHC. The charging and discharging are independent processes using proprietary catalyst technology.
The ship will be designed to run on electric motors using the LOHC produced on board as its fuel and creating electricity using H2-Industries’ eRelease racks. Each rack will hold 48kW of installed power and there will be multiple racks to deliver the approximately 2MW that a ship of this size will require. This is the same technology H2-Industries has developed and which it intends to deploy in cruise liners, super-tankers, and large container ships. H2-Industries has received preliminary approval to build its first LOHC hub in East Port Said in Egypt and is currently in discussions with more than 20 countries and several ports worldwide.
Michael Stusch, CEO H2-Industries, said: “It is becoming increasingly clear that the shipping industry can make a positive impact on reducing global emissions. At H2-Industries, the plan is to help decarbonise industry and power generation, while cleaning up our water resources and converting pollutants into an energy source. To achieve this, we are looking for investors. Once the investment is in place, we expect each ship will be built within roughly 24 months.”
One constraining factor for production is the volume of plastic feedstock. One rotary kiln can handle 600kg of waste every hour and that will generate approximately. 100kg of hydrogen. Each ship will be designed to be fitted with multiple kilns to match the speed of plastic collection. It is envisaged that each ship will collect plastic for around a year in one location before moving on to another water waste site. To ensure no marine wildlife is endangered during the waste collection process, the vessel will employ technology developed for the seawater intake for desalination plants designed to protect wildlife and habitats.
